What is Breast Reconstruction?​

Breast reconstruction is a procedure aimed at restoring the appearance and functionality of the breast after partial or complete loss of breast tissue due to cancer or other diseases. This procedure seeks to improve a woman’s body image and psychological well-being. Breast reconstruction is typically performed by plastic surgeons and can be done using various techniques. In this article, we will explore what breast reconstruction is, how it is performed, who it is suitable for, its advantages, risks, and the recovery process in detail.

Types of Breast Reconstruction

Breast reconstruction is generally performed using two main methods: implant-based reconstruction and autologous tissue reconstruction.

Implant-Based Reconstruction

Implant-based reconstruction involves the use of breast implants. This method entails placing an implant either under the breast tissue or the pectoralis muscle. Implant-based reconstruction is usually performed in two stages:

1. Tissue Expander Placement: In the first stage, a temporary tissue expander is placed to stretch the breast tissue and skin. This expander is gradually filled with saline (saltwater) at regular intervals to allow the skin and tissue to stretch.
2. Implant Placement: In the second stage, the tissue expander is removed, and a permanent implant is placed. This procedure typically takes several months and is performed once sufficient expansion has been achieved with the expander.

Autologous Tissue Reconstruction

Autologous tissue reconstruction uses the patient’s own body tissue. This method can provide a more natural look and feel. The main techniques used in autologous tissue reconstruction are:

1. TRAM (Transverse Rectus Abdominis Muscle) Flap: This technique involves using muscle, fat, and skin from the abdominal area to create a new breast. Since both muscle and skin are used, a noticeable scar may remain in the abdominal area.
2. DIEP (Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator) Flap: Similar to the TRAM flap, but only skin and fat tissue are used without muscle. This reduces the risk of abdominal muscle damage.
3. Latissimus Dorsi Flap: Muscle, fat, and skin from the back area are used to create the breast. This method is often used in conjunction with implants.

Who is Suitable?

Breast reconstruction is suitable for women who have undergone mastectomy (complete removal of the breast) or lumpectomy (partial removal of the breast) due to breast cancer. Additionally, women with congenital absence of breast tissue or those who have lost breast tissue due to trauma can also benefit from this procedure. Suitable candidates for breast reconstruction should have:

• Good overall health
• No smoking or willingness to quit smoking
• Realistic expectations
• No recent radiation therapy or have had enough time since radiation therapy

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

• Aesthetic Appearance: Breast reconstruction allows women to have naturally looking breast tissue, which enhances body image and confidence.
• Psychological Well-being: For women who have lost a breast, reconstruction can improve psychological well-being and quality of life.
• Symmetry: Reconstruction can provide symmetry between the two breasts, making it easier to wear clothes comfortably and feel better about their appearance.

Disadvantages​

• Long Recovery Process: Especially with autologous tissue reconstruction, the recovery process can be long, and the hospital stay may be extended.

Recovery Process

The recovery process after breast reconstruction varies depending on the method used and the patient’s overall health. In implant-based reconstruction, the recovery period is generally shorter, and patients can return to their daily activities within a few weeks. In autologous tissue reconstruction, the recovery period may be longer, and patients may need to avoid heavy lifting for several months.

Breast reconstruction is a surgical procedure that provides significant aesthetic and psychological benefits for women who have lost a breast. Performed using various methods such as implant-based and autologous tissue reconstruction, this procedure enhances body image and confidence. Like any surgical procedure, breast reconstruction carries certain risks and complications, but for suitable candidates, these risks are usually minimal, and the procedure can significantly improve many women’s quality of life.